A momentous moment in India’s retail lending history has just been ushered in very quietly. A few days ago Credit Information Bureau of India Limited (CIBIL), which is currently the only fully operational credit bureau in India, quietly introduced a manual system to provide consumers with their own credit history on a test basis. In a written communication from CIBIL to Apnapaisa it has been clarified by CIBIL that “CIBIL has started offering Consumer disclosures through an interim solution. This interim solution is a testing phase and we will be able to operationalize the full-fledged Consumer Relations System basis our learning from this phase. In this interim phase CIBIL will be manually handling consumer requests for a copy of their credit information report.  CIBIL is also developing the infrastructure, systems and processes for an automated solution that would be needed to enable an individual direct access to their Credit Reports from CIBIL on-line.  The full-fledged Consumer Relations System will have world-class features that will allow consumers to access their report on-line and banks to respond to errors via an on-line maintenance tool. The automated phase is expected to be ready by the beginning of next fiscal year “.

So why is this such an important event that I am calling it a momentous occasion for the Indian retail lending history. For those of you who have just tuned in, CIBIL is one among 4 credit bureaus that have been licensed by the RBI under the Credit Information Companies Regulations Act, 2005 (CICRA). CIBIL though is the only one that already been operational for around a decade now and has the credit repayment history of around 13.7 crore loans or credit cards.

Almost all of the major lenders provide details of the credit facilities given by them to their customers as well as the amounts that have fallen due and the repayment made by the customers on a periodical basis (monthly or quarterly). CIBIL collates and aggregates this information. Thus when a customer (say Mr. Desai) approaches any bank (say Bank of Bharat) for a credit facility CIBIL is in a position to go through its own records and provide details of the existing credit facilities enjoyed by Mr. Desai to Bank of Bharat as well as his repayment history on such facilities. This enables Bank of Bharat to take a more informed decision on Mr. Desai’s credit application since it now has access to credible third party information on Mr. Desai’s existing obligations as well as his repayment history. It also benefits Mr. Desai if he has maintained a spotless repayment history since he is able to get the credit facility quickly and cheaper based on such good record. If his earlier repayment history is not so good, off course, he will find it difficult (and more expensive) to get the credit facility.

Up to now Mr. Desai could not access his own credit report. There was a rather convoluted way for Mr. Desai to get a copy of his own credit report but with this step he can get a copy of his own report by paying Rs. 142/- to CIBIL. This will help him in finding out if there are any errors in the report. A large number of consumers today feel helpless about erroneous repayment history being reported by the banks to CIBIL showing the consumer in default even where the so called “outstanding payment” is in dispute. These kinds of errors are the highest in the case of credit cards.

Since now he can have access to his own report the consumer can point out any errors in the report to CIBIL who are, under the CICR Act, required to notify the concerned bank. The erroneous entry will have to be deleted by CIBIL unless the concerned bank reverts to CIBIL within 30 days of the consumer filing his error report with CIBIL. If the consumer is not satisfied with the action of the bank in this regard he can always file a grievance before the banking ombudsman. Thus by having access to their own credit report the good consumers can ensure that they do not fall victim to erroneous reporting by the banks. At the same time consumers who delay payment for any reason will have to pay the price for such delays. Good consumers who pay their instalments will stop subsidising the consumers who delay payments. At a future point of time CIBIL may even share their proprietary credit score with the consumers for an additional fee. This score predicts customer’s likelihood of becoming a defaulter in more than 91 days within the next year. Higher the score less are the chances that the consumer will default. Any score above 700 is considered good. Having access to this score will assist the consumer in getting a rough idea of how banks view his credit standing and he can then take action either improve his credit score or if his score is already very good take care to maintain it at a high level.

So if you want to get a copy of your own credit report download the form available on the apnapaisa website at this link and fill it in and along with the required documents (mentioned in the form) and the payment of Rs. 142/- send it off to CIBIL address mentioned in the form.

This historic step needs to be welcomed with all fervour by consumers who will now no longer be helpless in knowing what banks are reporting about them to CIBIL.

I have already sent in my application to get a copy of my credit report.  I have taken great personal care to keep my credit standing immaculate but am awaiting with bated breath what my credit standing looks like as reported by the banks.

Watch this space for my comments on my own credit report.

Budgeting for a car is as important as budgeting for any other activity. Here are some pointers that will come handy when you decide to buy a car, old or new.

The first step is to work out your expenses; and then the savings. Check how much you can save up for your car. When you buy a car, there are many costs that come along with it. Keep a margin in your calculations to meet costs such as fuel bills, insurance premiums, and servicing.

Set a budget and stick to it. Ignore all that the dealers or the finance company has to say. Especially, if they say that you can afford more. And, there is NOTHING such as a ‘zero per cent’ loan.

Assess whether you need a brand-new car or if an old machine will do as fine. Depreciation is a major chunk of the cost of owning a car. Even if your car is just a year old, there is a hefty amount to be lost should you sell it. This essentially means that you can buy an old car on the cheap. If old is as good as new, why empty your pockets? Remember, buying a car as an investment option may not really work. Registration costs, insurance, maintenance; such costs can’t be recovered if you were to sell the vehicle.

While it is advisable to buy a house on loan, a loan should be the last resort to buy a car. Save up on cash to buy the car. Car financing can be expensive. And, no tax benefit on the loan unless you lease it out. Buying a car outright can get you discounts.

If you are looking for a loan to finance your car purchase; shop for a loan first. While a housing loan lays emphasis on the actual property, buying a car via a loan lays primary emphasis on the finance options available. Arrange for the down payment. DO NOT go the personal loan or loan against security route to get the cash.

Once you have checked out your finance options, assess your car. New or old, ascertain the one you need. Assess the purpose - whether you want to rent it or use it for personal needs.

An important step of budgeting is to get an estimate of the price. Do your homework and set a target price. Use all the channels available. The Internet being the quickest, visit as many dealers and agents as possible to get estimates.

Make negotiations before you purchase. Don’t let the dealer eat up your savings. Don’t take discounts as they are. Make sure the offers are indeed discounts, not future expenses hidden away inside them.

Increasing costs of steel and other such inputs have already led to an increase in car prices. Add to that the sky-rocketing fuel prices and owning a car becomes bloody expensive.
What about those who already own a car, especially the ones who have bought them on loans? Rising interest rates have had a greater impact on these borrowers in terms of the increase in EMIs. The slack in the job markets, stop on salary increases…mounting pressures of inflation on expenditure… All these mean that a lot of borrowers are moving from being car owners to car loan defaulters.
Wait, this isn’t over.
Banks seem to be taking to tougher recovery measures. On the other hand, the Supreme Court extended the deadline on repossessing and selling defaulters’ cars to three months from the erstwhile 24 hours deadline.
These developments have had a two-pronged impact on the sector: lenders have made lending norms stricter and old car prices have dropped.
Finally the good news - old car prices have dropped by 15 to 25 per cent. About a quarter of the cars in this market are repossessed cars. Borrowers who can get a loan can get good cars at cut rates. They could also vie for a luxury car as these prices will see steeper falls.

Question: Can you afford to purchase a new car?
Another question: if you can indeed afford it, how much exactly can you afford? Which, in turn, pops up another question - What can you afford to pay per month?

Okay, answers now.

The first step is to assess your personal budget and determine what you can afford a month. There are many personal budgeting guides out there that will give you an idea of how much spare money you have each month. As a general rule of thumb, you should track every paisa you spend over a period of at least a month. This will help determine where you really spend your money and how much you can afford. Take into consideration all basic necessities and set aside a certain portion for contingencies. You might be actually surprised to learn exactly where your money is going each month. And make slight adjustments to your spending patterns to ensure that you have a respectable amount that you can set aside.

Now work backwards from here.
Let’s assume that you can afford to pay Rs.10000 a month for that new car. Taking into calculation current interest rates offered on car loans, you can now calculate how much you can borrow.

If you can afford an EMI of Rs.10000, at an interest rate of 14% per annum for a 60-month loan, you are eligible for a loan of Rs. 4.29 lakh approximately.

You now know your upper limit for the car loan. If your EMI outlay per month is around 30-40% of your net take-home pay, you are home and dry. You can have that car and the cost will not play havoc with your monthly budget.

The above tips will help you to get an idea of the new car that you can afford. Loan amounts disbursed are totally at the discretion of the lender. If you have good credit history, lenders could finance 100% of the car cost. Typically, you need to put up 10-15% of the cost of the car. In the above-mentioned scenario that would work to around Rs. 75000. Add this to the loan amount and the car you can afford is really over Rs. 5 lakh!

The author is a Relationship Manager working with the Mumbai-based SRE Financial Planners.